Lung cancer risk: Data about lung cancer risk was provided by 3 cohorts. A nonsignificant protective effect was found in one cohort examining women (14).
No other associations were found.
Lung cancer mortality: No data was found.
Conclusion: No evidence was found for an association between vegetables & fruits rich in vitamin C and lung cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | |||||||||||||
| 14) Feskanich D (2000) | The Nurses' Health Study & The Health Professionals' Follow-up Study | 77,283 US women (38-63 years) and 47,778 men (40-75 years) | Women: 1984-1996. Men: 1986-1996. | 516? women, and 258? men | Total lung cancer risk | Foods high in vitamin C (≥ 30 mg/serving) (include oranges, orange juice, grapefruit, grapefruit juice, other fruit juice, cantaloupe,strawberries, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts) |
age, follow-up cycle, smoking status,years since quitting among past smokers, cigarettes smoked/day among current smokers, age at start of smoking, total energy intake, and availability of diet data after baseline measure |
10) Steinmetz KA (1993) | The Iowa Women's Health Study. | 35,115 women aged 55-69. | 4 | (1986-1989) 138? | Lung cancer incidence | High vitamin C vegetables and fruit (> 40 mg/serving) (Cantaloupe; oranges; orange juice; grapefruit; grapefruit juice; strawberries; other fruit juice; broccoli; green or chili peppers; chili peppers; kohlrabi; dried currants; guavas; honeydew melon; kiwi fruit; mangoes; and V-8 juice) |
OR = 0.75 (0.43-1.28; P = 0.43) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption. | Amount specific data (servings/wk): ≤ 6: OR = 1. 7-9: OR = 1.16 (0.71-1.90). 10-14: OR = 1.28 (0.79-2.08). ≥ 15: OR = 0.75 (0.43-1.28). Age, energy intake, and pack-years of smoking. |
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