| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 9) Koushik A (2005) | Pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. | 542,039 women. | 7-22 | 2,049 | Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer risk | Spinach |
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
- At least 50 incident invasive epithelial ovarian cancer cases.
- An assessment of usual diet.
- A validation study of the diet assessment method or a closely related instrument.
INCLUDED STUDIES (Follow-up years/No. of ovarian cancer casses):
- The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (1987-1999/142).
Hannan LM. Physical activity and risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective cohort study in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 May;13(5):765-70. Full text
- The Canadian National Breast Screening Study (1980-2000/223).
Terry PD. Cigarette smoking and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer in a prospective cohort study. Eur J Cancer. 2003 May;39(8):1157-64. Abstract
- The Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (1992-2001/278).
Calle EE. The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics. Cancer. 2002 Jan 15;94(2):500-11. Abstract
- The Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-2001/208).
Kushi LH. Prospective study of diet and ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jan 1;149(1):21-31 Full text
- The Netherlands Cohort Study (1986-1995/208).
Mommers M. Consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 2005 Oct 1;104(7):1512-9. Full text
- The New York State Cohort (1980-1987/77).
Bandera EV. Diet and alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in the New York State Cohort (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1997 Nov;8(6):828-40. Abstract
- The New York University Women's Health Study (1985-1998/65).
Kato I. Prospective study of diet and female colorectal cancer: the New York University Women's Health Study. Nutr Cancer. 1997;28(3):276-81. Abstract
- The Nurses' Health Study A + B (A = 1980-1986/120. B = 1986-2002/315).
Fairfield KM. Risk of ovarian carcinoma and consumption of vitamins A, C, and E and specific carotenoids: a prospective analysis. Cancer. 2001 Nov 1;92(9):2318-26. Full text
- The Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2000/52).
Cho E. Premenopausal fat intake and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Jul 16;95(14):1079-85. Full text
- The Swedish Mammography Cohort (1987-2004/285).
Larsson SC. Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to ovarian cancer incidence: the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Br J Cancer. 2004 Jun 1;90(11):2167-70. Full text
- The Women's Health Study (1993-2004/104).
Higginbotham S. Dietary glycemic load and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Jan;13(1):65-70. Full text
RELATIVE RISK:
RR = 1.01 (0.83-1.23) for a daily increment of 1 serving (= 1/2 cup, or 73 g).
P for between-studies heterogeneity = 0.61.
| Parity, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use, age at menarche, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, and total energy intake. Age in years and year of questionnaire return were included as stratification variables. |
| 4) Tworoger SS (2006) | The Nurses' Health Study | 80,254 women aged 34-59.
(USA) | 22
(1980-2002) | 481? | Epithelial ovarian cancer incidence | Spinach | No association with epithelial ovarian cancer risk (data not shown). | Not defined, but probably: duration of oral contraceptive use, age at first birth/parity, postmenopausal hormone use, tubal ligation, lactose intake, simple hysterectomy, and total caloric intake. |
| 4) Fairfield KM (2001) | The Nurses' Health Study | 80,326 women aged 40-65. Excluding women with a history of bilateral oophorectomy, hysterectomy with unknown number of ovaries removed, or history of pelvic irradiation.
(USA) | 1986-1996 | 148? | Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer incidence | Spinach | Consumption during adolscence was nonsignificantly inversely associated with ovarian carcinoma: RR = 0.54 (0.25-1.17) for consumption ≥ 2 vs < 1 servings/week. | Age, BMI, duration of oral contraceptive use, smoking history, parity, and history of tubal ligation. |