Green & yellow (/orange) vegetables and pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer risk: No data was found.

Pancreatic cancer mortality: Data about the relation with pancreatic cancer mortality was provided by 3 cohorts. No associations were found.

Conclusion: No associations were found. No evidence was found for an association between green-yellow vegetables and pancreatic cancer.

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

11) Khan MM. (2004)

No cohort name.

1,524 men and 1,634 women aged ≥ 40 living in Hokkaido, Japan.

1984-2002

12 men, 13 women?

Pancreatic cancer mortality

Green yellow vegetables (not defined)


Raw	Cooked
Men: RR = 0.7 (0.2-2.1; No P-value). Women: RR = 1.0 (0.3-3.4; No P-value).	Men: Not estimated due to 0 case in either of the 2 groups. Women: Not estimated due to 0 case in either of the 2 groups.

RRs are for consumption ≥ several times/wk vs ≤ several times/month.

Men: age and smoking. Women: age, health status, health education, health screening + smoking.

9) Sauvaget C. (2003)

The Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study.

38,540 subjects (14,873 men, and 23,667 women) aged 34-103 who were atomic-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
(Japan)

16
(1980-81 to 1998)

177

Pancreatic cancer mortality

Green-yellow vegetables containing > 1000 IU carotene/100 g. (such as pumpkin, carrots, spinach, lettuce, asparagus, parsley, etc.)

RR = 0.82 (0.54-1.24;P = 0.3641) for the highest vs the lowest tertile of consumption.

Amount specific data (serving frequency):
0-1/wk: RR = 1.
2-4/wk: RR = 0.96 (0.68-1.36).
(almost) daily: RR = 0.82 (0.54-1.24).

fruit, sex, age, radiation dose, city, BMI, smoking status, alcohol habits, and education level.

2) Hirayama T. (1990)

No cohort name.

265,118 adults (122,261 men, 142,857 women) aged ≥ 40 from 6 prefectures in Japan.

17
(1966-1982)

679? (399 men, 280 women)

Pancreatic cancer mortality

Green-yellow vegetables (Defined as: containing ≥ 600 mcg carotene/100 g edible parts. Including carrots, spinach, green peppers, Italian broccoli, pumpkin, turnip leaves, green lettuce, chives leeks [green], asparagus, [green], chicory and parsley.)


Men & Women	Men	Women
RR = 1.11 (90% CI = 0.96-1.29; No P-value) for consumption ≥ 4 vs ≤ 3 times/wk.	RR = 2.03 (90% CI = 0.75-5.53; No P-value) for the lowest vs highest quartile of consumption. Amount specific data (≥ 4 times/wk is the reference category): None: RR = 2.03 (0.75-5.53). 1-3 times/month: RR = 0.66 (0.33-1.31). 1-3 times/wk: RR = 0.93 (0.77-1.13). ≥ 4 times/wk: RR = 1.	RR = 1.36 (90% CI = 0.28-6.60; No P-value) for the lowest vs highest quartile of consumption. Amount specific data (≥ 4 times/wk is the reference category): None: RR = 1.36 (0.28-6.60). 1-3 times/month: RR = 1.00 (0.48-2.11). 1-3 times/wk: RR = 0.87 (0.68-1.11). ≥ 4 times/wk: RR = 1.

Confounding and interaction (using multivariate logistic regression analysis).
RRs among men of 4 variables for individual and joint consumption (No 90% CI):
Individual consumption	Joint consumption
Cigarette smoking: RR = 2.15 (P = < 0.05). Meat: RR = 1.41. Green-yellow vegetables: RR = 1.52. Alcohol: RR = 0.79.	Green-yellow vegetables & Smoking: RR = 2.08. Green-yellow vegetables & Meat: RR = 2.39. Green-yellow vegetables & Alcohol: RR = 1.39.

RRs of meat, green-yellow vegetables, and alcohol are for consumption ≥ 4 times/wk. RR of smoking is for daily smoking. No reference groups are defined.
Definitions: Meat (beef, pork, chicken, ham/sausages, and other), and Alcohol (sake, shochu, beer, whiskey, and others).

Not defined (possibly only age).
Age and sex-adjusted for the RRs of associations with men & women combined.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to pancreatic cancer risk & mortality.

Green & yellow (/orange) vegetables and pancreatic cancer.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our dietto pancreatic cancer risk & mortality.

Green & yellow (/orange) vegetables and pancreatic cancer.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to pancreatic cancer risk & mortality.