| 19) Wang L (2009) | The Women's Health Study | 38,408 female health professionals aged ≥ 45.
(USA) | 11.5
(1992-95 to 2007) | Not defined. | Pancreatic cancer incidence | Tofu | Risk did not materially change with intake (data not shown). | Age, race, total energy, randomized treatment assignment, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, postmenopausal status, hormone replacement therapy use, multivitamin use, family history of colorectal cancer, ovary cancer, or breast cancer, and intake of fruit and vegetables, fiber, folate, and saturated fat. |
| 15) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 44,118 men, and 60,624 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 207 men, and
206 women. | Pancreas cancer mortality | Tofu (soybean curd) |
| Men: | Women: |
HR = 0.82 (0.56-1.19) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 3/w: HR = 1.
3-4/w: HR = 1.02 (0.72-1.44).
≥ 5/w: HR = 0.82 (0.56-1.19).
|
HR = 0.81 (0.57-1.16) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 3/w: HR = 1.
3-4/w: HR = 0.95 (0.67-1.33).
≥ 5/w: HR = 0.81 (0.57-1.16).
|
Age and study area. |
| 15) Lin Y (2006) | The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study) | 46,465 men and 64,327 women aged 40-79. | 10
(1988-90 to 1999) | See variables | Pancreatic cancer death | Tofu |
Stratified by gender:
Men
(131 cases) | women
(134 cases) |
HR = 0.76 (0.18-3.12; P = 0.28) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
0-2/mo: HR = 1.
1-4/wk: HR = 1.11 (0.72-1.70).
Almost every day: HR = 0.76 (0.18-3.12).
|
HR = 0.85 (0.38-1.78; P = 0.25) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
0-2/mo: HR = 1.
1-4/wk: HR = 1.09 (0.52-2.25).
Almost every day: HR = 0.83 (0.38-1.78).
|
Stratified by smoking status:
Smokers
(77 cases) | Nonsmokers
(122 cases) |
HR = 2.74 (0.63-11.95; P = 0.93) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
0-2/mo: HR = 1.
1-4/wk: HR = 4.18 (1.02-17.17).
Almost every day: HR = 2.74 (0.63-11.95).
|
HR = 1.05 (0.44-2.50; P = 0.61) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
0-2/mo: HR = 1.
1-4/wk: HR = 1.26 (0.55-2.90).
Almost every day: HR = 1.05 (0.44-2.50).
|
Age, area, and pack-years of smoking.
Additional adjustment for potential confounders, such as history of diabetes, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and coffee and green tea consumption, did not alter the risk estimates materially. |
| 11) Khan MM. (2004) | No cohort name. | 1,524 men and 1,634 women aged ≥ 40 living in Hokkaido, Japan. | 1984-2002 | 12 men, 13 women? | Pancreatic cancer mortality | Tofu/soybean curd |
| Men: | Women: |
| RR = 1.3 (0.2-9.9; No P-value). | Not estimated due to 0 case in either of the 2 groups. |
RRs are for consumption ≥ several times/wk vs ≤ several times/month.Men: age and smoking. Women: age, health status, health education, health screening + smoking. |
Prospective studies of miso soup and pancreatic cancer:
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 15) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 42,696 men, and 58,494 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 202 men, and
198 women. | Pancreas cancer mortality | Miso soup |
Men:
| Bowls at present | Bowls at 30 years old |
HR = 0.55 (0.36-0.84; P = < 0.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (bowls/day):
< 1: HR = 1.
1: HR = 0.77 (0.51-1.15).
≥ 2: HR = 0.55 (0.36-0.84).
|
HR = 0.62 (0.42-0.90; P = < 0.05) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (bowls/day):
< 1: HR = 1.
1: HR = 0.74 (0.48-1.13).
≥ 2: HR = 0.62 (0.42-0.90).
|
Women:
| Bowls at present | Bowls at 30 years old |
HR = 1.04 (0.70-1.53) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (bowls/day):
< 1: HR = 1.
1: HR = 1.12 (0.74-1.70).
≥ 2: HR = 1.04 (0.70-1.53).
|
HR = 1.05 (0.72-1.52) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (bowls/day):
< 1: HR = 1.
1: HR = 1.15 (0.74-1.79).
≥ 2: HR = 1.05 (0.72-1.52).
|
Age and study area. |
| 11) Khan MM. (2004) | No cohort name. | 1,524 men and 1,634 women aged ≥ 40 living in Hokkaido, Japan. | 1984-2002 | 12 men, 13 women? | Pancreatic cancer mortality | Miso soup |
| Men: | Women: |
| Not estimated due to 0 case in either of the 2 groups. | Not estimated due to 0 case in either of the 2 groups. |
RRs are for consumption ≥ several times/wk vs ≤ several times/month.Men: age and smoking. Women: age, health status, health education, health screening + smoking. |
| 2) Hirayama T. (1990) | No cohort name. | 265,118 adults (122,261 men, 142,857 women) aged ≥ 40 from 6 prefectures in Japan. | 17
(1966-1982) | 679? (399 men, 280 women) | Pancreatic cancer mortality | Soybean paste soup | RR = 1.18 (90% CI = 1.02-1.36; No P-value) for consumption ≥ 4 vs ≤ 3 times/wk. | Age and sex. |
Prospective studies of food items other than tofu or miso soup and pancreatic cancer:
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 15) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 40,964 men, and 55,969 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 182 men, and
182 women. | Pancreas cancer mortality | Tukudani (soy sauce-preserved foods) |
| Men: | Women: |
HR = 1.09 (0.73-1.63) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.11 (0.77-1.61).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.09 (0.73-1.63).
|
HR = 1.17 (0.80-1.72) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.08 (0.75-1.56).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.17 (0.80-1.72).
|
Age and study area. |
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