Carrots and prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer risk: Data about the relation with prostate cancer risk was provided by 5 cohorts, including a total of 5,452 cases.
A nonsignificant protective effect was found in one cohort including 3,922 cases (17), but no other associations were found (2, 7, 10, 23).
Prostate cancer mortality: Data about the relation with prostate cancer mortality was provided by one cohort. No association was found.

Conclusion: No evidence was found for an association between carrots and prostate cancer.

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**Prospective studies of carrots and prostate cancer risk:**
Author	Cohort name	Subjects	Years of follow-up	Cases	End point	Consumption of	Relative Risk (RR)	Adjustments
23) Ambrosini GL (2008)	No cohort name.	1985 blue asbestos-exposed men. (Australia)	Median 12.7 (1990-96 to 2004)	97?	Prostate cancer incidence	Carrots	No association with prostate cancer risk (no data shown).	Age, total fruit and vegetable intake, randomly assigned retinol or beta carotene supplement and source fo crocidolite exposure.
17) Stram DO. (2006)	The multiethnic cohort study.	82,486 African-American, Japanese-American, Native-Hawaiian, Latino and White males aged 45-75. (USA)	1993-96 to 2001	3,922? (1,345 nonlocalized and high grade disease)	prostate cancer risk	carrots	RR = 0.90 (0.81-1.00; P = 0.064) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (g/1000 kcal): ≤ 3.2: RR = 1. > 3.2-≤ 5.2: RR = 0.95 (0.86-1.05). > 5.2-≤ 7.9: RR = 0.95 (0.86-1.06). > 7.9-≤ 13.7: RR = 0.94 (0.85-1.04). > 13.7: RR = 0.90 (0.81-1.00). (P for heterogeneity by ethnic group = 0.562)	age, BMI, education and family history of prostate cancer
10) Schuurman AG (1998)	The Netherlands Cohort Study.	58,279 men aged 55-69	6.3 ((1986-1992)	606?	prostate cancer risk	Carrots	Prepared carrots: No association: RR = 0.87 (0.61-1.23) per 25 g/day increment. Raw carrots: No association: RR = 1.08 (0.78-1.49) per 25 g/day increment.	age, family history of prostate cancer, socioeconomic status and total fruit. Additionaly adjusted for total vegetables.
7) Giovannucci E (1995)	The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.	47,894 men aged 40-75. (USA)	1986-1992	758	Prostate cancer risk (non-stage A1)	Carrots	RR = 1.06 (0.71-1.58; P = 0.54) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (servings): 0: RR = 1. 1-3/mo: RR = 1.18 (0.87-1.60). 1/wk: RR = 1.22 (0.90-1.65). 2-4/wk: RR = 1.14 (0.84-1.56). ≥ 5/wk: RR = 1.06 (0.71-1.58).	Age and energy.
2) Paganini-Hill A. (1985)	The Leisure World Study.	11,888 residents of a retirement community. (USA)	2,5	69	Prostate cancer risk	Carrots	RR = 0.9 (No 95% CI; No P-value) for consumption ≥ few times/week vs ≤ monthly.	No adjustments were made.

Prospective studies of carrots and prostate cancer risk:

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

23) Ambrosini GL (2008)

No cohort name.

1985 blue asbestos-exposed men.
(Australia)

Median 12.7
(1990-96 to 2004)

97?

Prostate cancer incidence

Carrots

No association with prostate cancer risk (no data shown).

Age, total fruit and vegetable intake, randomly assigned retinol or beta carotene supplement and source fo crocidolite exposure.

17) Stram DO. (2006)

The multiethnic cohort study.

82,486 African-American, Japanese-American, Native-Hawaiian, Latino and White males aged 45-75.
(USA)

1993-96 to 2001

3,922?
(1,345 nonlocalized and high grade disease)

prostate cancer risk

carrots

RR = 0.90 (0.81-1.00; P = 0.064) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.

Amount specific data (g/1000 kcal):
≤ 3.2: RR = 1.
> 3.2-≤ 5.2: RR = 0.95 (0.86-1.05).
> 5.2-≤ 7.9: RR = 0.95 (0.86-1.06).
> 7.9-≤ 13.7: RR = 0.94 (0.85-1.04).
> 13.7: RR = 0.90 (0.81-1.00).

(P for heterogeneity by ethnic group = 0.562)

age, BMI, education and family history of prostate cancer

10) Schuurman AG (1998)

The Netherlands Cohort Study.

58,279 men aged 55-69

6.3
((1986-1992)

606?

prostate cancer risk

Carrots

Prepared carrots: No association: RR = 0.87 (0.61-1.23) per 25 g/day increment.
Raw carrots: No association: RR = 1.08 (0.78-1.49) per 25 g/day increment.

age, family history of prostate cancer, socioeconomic status and total fruit.
Additionaly adjusted for total vegetables.

7) Giovannucci E (1995)

The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.

47,894 men aged 40-75.
(USA)

1986-1992

758

Prostate cancer risk
(non-stage A1)

Carrots

RR = 1.06 (0.71-1.58; P = 0.54) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.

Amount specific data (servings):
0: RR = 1.
1-3/mo: RR = 1.18 (0.87-1.60).
1/wk: RR = 1.22 (0.90-1.65).
2-4/wk: RR = 1.14 (0.84-1.56).
≥ 5/wk: RR = 1.06 (0.71-1.58).

Age and energy.

2) Paganini-Hill A. (1985)

The Leisure World Study.

11,888 residents of a retirement community.
(USA)

2,5

Prostate cancer risk

Carrots

RR = 0.9 (No 95% CI; No P-value) for consumption ≥ few times/week vs ≤ monthly.

No adjustments were made.

**Prospective studies of carrots and prostate cancer mortality:**
Author	Cohort name	Subjects	Years of follow-up	Cases	End point	Consumption of	Relative Risk (RR)	Adjustments
5) Hsing AW. (1990)	The Lutheran Brotherhood Cohort Study.	17,633 white men age ≥ 35. (USA)	20 (1966-1986)	149?	Prostate cancer mortality	Carrots	No individual food item was found to increase or decrease risk significantly (no data shown).	age, tobacco

Prospective studies of carrots and prostate cancer mortality:

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

5) Hsing AW. (1990)

The Lutheran Brotherhood Cohort Study.

17,633 white men age ≥ 35.
(USA)

20
(1966-1986)

149?

Prostate cancer mortality

Carrots

No individual food item was found to increase or decrease risk significantly (no data shown).

age, tobacco

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to prostate cancer risk & mortality.

Carrots and prostate cancer.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our dietto prostate cancer risk & mortality.

Carrots and prostate cancer.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to prostate cancer risk & mortality.