| 18) Kirsh VA. (2007) | The screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. | 29,361 men aged 55-74.
(USA) | mean 4.2
(1993-2001) | 1,338?
of which 520 aggressive (Stage III-IV or gleason score ≥ 7), and ? extraprostatic (Stage III-IV only) | prostate cancer risk | Deep yellow vegetables (squash, carrots, and sweet potato) |
| All prostate cancer: | Aggressive prostate cancer: | Extraprostatic cancer: |
RR = 0.92 (0.76-1.11; P = 0.57) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings per day):
0.2: RR = 1.
0.3: RR = 0.90 (0.75-1.07).
0.4: RR = 0.97 (0.81-1.15).
0.5: RR = 0.92 (0.77-1.11).
0.9: RR = 0.92 (0.76-1.11).
|
RR = 0.90 (0.67-1.22; P = 0.70) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings per day):
0.2: RR = 1.
0.3: RR = 0.87 (0.66-1.15).
0.4: RR = 0.93 (0.71-1.23).
0.5: RR = 0.87 (0.65-1.16).
0.9: RR = 0.90 (0.67-1.22).
|
RR = 0.75 (0.46-1.22; P = 0.35) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings per day):
0.2: RR = 1.
0.3: RR = 0.84 (0.55-1.29).
0.4: RR = 0.70 (0.44-1.11).
0.5: RR = 0.76 (0.48-1.21).
0.9: RR = 0.75 (0.46-1.22).
|
age, total energy, race, study center, family history of prostate cancer, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, supplemental vitamine E intake, total fat intake, red meat intake, diabetes, aspirin use, and previous number of prostate cancer screening examinations during the follow-up period.
Results were not statistically significantly altered by additional adjustment for total fruit or vegetable intake (as appropriate) and tomato intake or for history of PSA tests before study enrollment. |
| 2) Shibata A. (1992) | The Leisure World Study. | 11,580 residents of a retirement community.
(USA) | 1981-1989 | 208 | Prostate cancer risk | Yellow vegetables (sweet potatoes, yams, pumpkin [including use in pie or soup], carrots, summer squash [zucchini, yellow crookneck, yellow straightneck, cocozelle, scallop squash], sweet red peppers, hot red chili peppers [including hot pepper sauce, chili powder, cayenne pepper, tobasco sauce].) |
RR = 0.96 (0.69-1.35; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/day):
< 0.26: RR = 1.
0.26-< 0.71: RR = 1.10 (0.80-1.53).
≥ 0.71: RR = 0.96 (0.69-1.35). | Age and smoking.
Adjustment for BMI or physical activity did not materially alter the results (data not shown). |
|