| 20) Takachi R. (2007) | The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC). | 77,891 subjects (35,909 men 41,982 and women) aged 45-74. (Japan) | 5.8 (1995-1998 to 2002) | 3,230? (636 gastric, 598 colorectal, 397 lung, 233 breast, 193 liver, 1,173 other) | Risk of cancer | Carrots | Not significantly associated with risk of total cancer (no data shown). | age, public health center area, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, energy, screening examination, medication, and daily vitamin supplement use. |
| 2) Paganini-Hill A. (1985) | The Leisure World Study. | 11,888 residents of a retirement community. (USA) | 2.5 | 433 | Total cancer risk | Carrots | RR = 0.8 (No 95% CI; No P-value) for consumption ≥ few times/week vs ≤ monthly. | No adjustments were made. |