Total cancer risk: Data about total cancer risk was provided by one cohort. No association was found with garland chrysanthemums, (Swiss) chard, or leaf mustard.
Total cancer mortality: No data was found.
Conclusion: No evidence was found for an association between greens and total cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 20) Takachi R. (2007) | The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC). | 77,891 subjects (35,909 men 41,982 and women) aged 45-74. (Japan) | 5.8 (1995-1998 to 2002) | 3,230? (636 gastric, 598 colorectal, 397 lung, 233 breast, 193 liver, 1,173 other) | Risk of cancer | Garland chrysanthemums; Chard or Swiss chard; and Leaf mustard | Not significantly associated with risk of total cancer (no data shown). | age, public health center area, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, energy, screening examination, medication, and daily vitamin supplement use. |