| 10) Cox BD. (2000) | The British Health and Lifestyle Survey (HALS). | 1,442 men, and 1,875 women aged 35-75. | 7
(1984-85 to 1991-92) | 101? men, and 131? women | Total cancer risk | Salad (not defined) |
Men
| Salad in winter | Salad in summer |
OR = 0.79 (0.62-0.99; P = 0.045) per frequency category of increasing consumption.
Amount specific data:
Never: OR = 1.
< 1 day/wk: OR = 0.89.
1-2 days/wk: OR = 0.65.
3-6 days/wk: OR = 0.43.
Daily: OR = 0.36.
Reduced frequency (> or = 2 categories [categories: never, < 1/wk, 1-2/wk, most days, and daily]) of consumption in winter (compared to summer) led to an increase in risk: RR = 1.64 (1.00-2.68; P = 0.050). |
OR = 0.83 (0.69-1.01; P = 0.070) per frequency category of increasing consumption.
Amount specific data:
Never: OR = 1.
< 1 day/wk: OR = 0.93.
1-2 days/wk: OR = 0.77.
3-6 days/wk: OR = 0.40.
Daily: OR = 0.70. |
Women
| Salad in winter | Salad in summer |
OR = 0.88 (0.75-1.03; P = 0.131) per frequency category of increasing consumption.
Amount specific data:
Never: OR = 1.
< 1 day/wk: OR = 0.86.
1-2 days/wk: OR = 0.73.
3-6 days/wk: OR = 0.98.
Daily: OR = 0.39.
Reduced frequency (> or = 2 categories [categories: never, < 1/wk, 1-2/wk, most days, and daily]) of consumption in winter (compared to summer) did not change risk: RR = 1.02 (0.69-1.50; P = 0.940). |
OR = 0.89 (0.74-1.06; P = 0.210) per frequency category of increasing consumption.
Amount specific data:
Never: OR = 1.
< 1 day/wk: OR = 0.39.
1-2 days/wk: OR = 0.54.
3-6 days/wk: OR = 0.58.
Daily: OR = 0.42. |
Age, smoking and socioeconomic group. |
Prospective studies of salads and total cancer mortality:
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 4) Appleby PN. (2002) | The Health Food Shoppers Study. | 10,741 subjects, aged 16-89 (4,325 men, 6,416 women. 8,675 non-smokers).
(UK) | 1973-79 to 1997 | 680 (284 men, and 396 women. 543 non-smokers)? | Mortality from all malignant neoplasms | Raw vegetable salads (not defined) | RR = 1.03 (0.87-1.23; No P-value) for daily consumption vs less frequent consumption. | Age at recruitment, sex, smoking, and each other food (fresh fruit, wholemeal bread, nuts/dried fruit, raw vegetable salads, and bran cereals). |
| 4) Key TJ. (1996) | The Health Food Shoppers Study. | 10.771 (4.336 men and 6.435 women) aged > or = 16, recruited through health food shops, vegeterian societies, and magazines.
(UK) | 16.8
(1973-79 to 1995) | 451? (181 men, 270 women) | Mortality from all malignant neoplasms | raw salad (not defined) | RR = 0.96 (0.79-1.16; No P-value) for consumption at least daily vs < daily. | Age, sex, and smoking |
| 1) Colditz GA. (1985) | The Massachusetts Health Care Panel Study. | 1,226 residents 66 years or older.
(USA) | 5
(1976-1980) | 42? | Total cancer mortality | Salads | RR = 1.1 (0.5-1.9; No P-value) for high vs low consumption using median cut (median cut = 1 serving/wk). | Age. |
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