Total cancer risk: Data about total cancer risk was provided by a pooled analysis of 2 cohorts. No association was found.
Total cancer mortality: No data was found.
Conclusion: No evidence was found for an association between vitamin C-containing fruits and vegetables and total cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | ||||||||||||||||
| 11) Hung HC. (2004) | The Nurses' Health Study & The Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. | 71,910 women (aged 30-55) and 37,725 men (aged 40-75). (USA) | 14 (1984-1998) (women), and 12 (1986-1998) (men) | 6584? women, and 2500? men. 3577 never smokers, 3945 past smokers, and 1694 current smokers. 3128 non-vitamin supplement users, and 3948 multivitamin supplement users. | All cancer risk (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, in situ breast cancer, and organ-confined prostate cancer) | Vitamin C-containing fruits and vegetables (cantaloupes, oranges, orange juice, grapefruit, grapefruit juice, strawberries, other fruit juice, broccoli, green or chili peppers, chili peppers, kohlrabi, dried currants, guavas, honeydew melon, kiwi fruit, mangoes, and V-8 juice) |
All RRs are for an increment of 1 serving/day. Total calorie intake, age, smoking status, alcohol use, body mass index, multivitamin and vitamin E supplement use, physical activity, family history of myocardial infarction, family history of colon cancer, personal history of hypertension, personal history of hypercholesterolemia, personal history of diabetes, and (for women only) family history of breast cancer, menopausal status, and use of hormone replacement therapy. |
|