| 11) Villegas R (2008) | The Shanghai Women's Health Study | 64,191 women aged 40-70.
(China) | 4.6 | See variables | Type 2 diabetes incidence (reported having been diagnosed with T2D and met at least one of the following criteria: fasting glucose level ≥ 7 mmol/l on at least two separate occasions, or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a value ≥ 11.1 mmol/L, and/or use of hypoglycaemic medication (i.e., insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs).) | Yellow vegetables (sweet potatoes, carrots) |
Self-reported cases:
(1,605 cases) | Confirmed cases:
(896? cases) |
HR = 0.55 (0.47-0.64; P = < 0.001) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/day):
0.04: HR = 1.
0.62: HR = 0.69 (0.60-0.80).
2.00: HR = 0.63 (0.54-0.73).
5.6: HR = 0.51 (0.43-0.60).
17.3: HR = 0.55 (0.47-0.64).
|
HR = 0.58 (0.47-0.71; P = < 0.001) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/day):
0.04: HR = 1.
0.62: HR = 0.71 (0.59-0.88).
2.00: HR = 0.63 (0.51-0.77).
5.6: HR = 0.49 (0.39-0.61).
17.3: HR = 0.58 (0.47-0.71).
|
Age, daily energy intake, meat intake, BMI, WHR, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, income level, education level, occupational status, and hypertension. |
| 8) Liu S (2004) | The Women's Health Study | 38,018 female health professionals aged ≥ 45. | 8.8
(1993-2003) | 1,614 | Type 2 diabetes incidence (self-reported) | Dark yellow vegetables (carrots, yellow squash, yams, sweet potatoes) |
| All women: | Overweight women (BMI ≥ 25)
(1,361 cases): |
RR = 0.81 (0.67-0.98; P = 0.08) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Servings per day):
0.07: RR = 1.
0.2: RR = 0.90 (0.76-1.07).
0.34: RR = 0.89 (0.75-1.07).
0.57: RR = 0.92 (0.76-1.11).
1.00: RR = 0.81 (0.67-0.98).
|
RR = 0.73 (0.60-0.90; P = 0.02) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Servings per day):
0.07: RR = 1.
0.2: RR = 0.83 (0.70-1.00).
0.34: RR = 0.83 (0.69-1.00).
0.57: RR = 0.86 (0.70-1.05).
1.00: RR = 0.73 (0.60-0.90).
|
No significant findings were observed in the lower BMI group (BMI < 25; ~ 15% of all case subjects. Data not shown).Age, smoking, total calories, alcohol use, BMI, exercise, history of hypertension, history of high cholesterol, and family history of diabetes. |
| 6) Montonen J (2005) | The Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey | 4,304 men and women aged 40-69. | 23
(1967-72 to 1995) | 383? | Type 2 diabetes incidence (users of drugs for diabetes) | Yellow and red vegetables (not defined) |
RR = 0.80 (0.60-1.06; P = 0.23) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/day):
< 19: RR = 1.
19-41: RR = 0.78 (0.59-1.04).
42-77: RR = 0.90 (0.68-1.18).
> 77: RR = 0.80 (0.60-1.06).
Effect modification: No significant interaction between food intake and age, sex, body mass index, or smoking was found (data not shown). | Age, sex, BMI, energy intake, smoking, family history of diabetes, and geographic area. |
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